Demystifying Adoption Challenges in Zimbabwe

Love knows no boundaries. And, adoption is a living testament to this. In Zimbabwe, many
children find themselves in need of a loving home due to various circumstances. Adoptive
parents open their hearts and homes, providing these children with the love and stability
they deserve. The power of love is the driving force behind overcoming the challenges that
come with adoption.

However, in a country with a rich cultural heritage, adoption has been treated with mixed
reactions. At best, most Zimbabweans treat it as alien and un African. How can one take a
stranger as his/her own child, they sneer at the practice.

The Ministry of Public Service, Labour and Social Welfare defines adoption as legalised social
birthing. It is a permanent arrangement where adoptive parents and the adopted child
acquire the same rights, duties and privileges towards each other as if the child had been
their biological child. The Children’s Act (Chapter 5:06) is a Zimbabwean law that provides
for the protection and welfare of children.

There are different types of Adoption. One is DE FACTO where a couple jointly adopts a child
belonging to the other spouse or is related to the other spouse. Here, there is some
prohibitive degree of consanguinity between the adopters and the child. The other is NON
DE FACTO, where a couple or an individual adopts a complete stranger.

Although facing resistance in some sections of society, adoption in Zimbabwe has
experienced a notable increase in recent years. The Zimbabwe Department of Social
Development reports that since the start of the year until 31 October 31, 2023, 25 adoption
cases have been successfully processed and finalized according to Respect Chofamba,
Communication and information Officer at the Ministry of Public Service, Labour and Social
Welfare. This rise in adoption can be attributed to the growing understanding of the
adoption process, including its requirements, eligibility criteria, and overall procedure.

Efforts to dispel myths and misconceptions surrounding adoption have also been made
through awareness-raising sessions.

There are challenges faced by prospective families and these barriers are being addressed.

Adopting a child in Zimbabwe involves navigating a complex legal process. Prospective
parents must meet specific requirements, complete paperwork, and undergo thorough
assessments, including background checks on their lifestyles and general social and
economic upkeep. While this can be daunting, it ensures the best interests of the child are
protected. Adoptive families often find solace in support groups and organizations that
guide them through the legal hurdles, offering advice and assistance every step of the way.

“Lack of information on the adoption process among the people has made the Ministry to
embark on increased awareness raising sessions within the communities and through print
and radio programmes,” Chofamba said.

Adoption in Zimbabwe is sometimes met with social stigmas and misconceptions. Some
view adoption as a last resort or question the bond between adoptive parents and their
children. However, adoptive families are breaking these barriers by sharing their stories and
educating their communities. By dispelling the myths and promoting understanding, they
are paving the way for a more inclusive and accepting society.

Betty Mutematsaka, a 51- year old woman from Harare is unmarried and planning to adopt
a child. She has openly shared her adoption plans with family members. Fortunately, they
have supported her idea and encouraged her to implement the plan.

“I am eagerly willing to adopt and call the child my own. I am past my child bearing age that
is the driving force in my child adoption journey.”

The adoption journey can be an emotional rollercoaster for both the child and the adoptive
parents. Children may experience feelings of loss, abandonment, or confusion while parents
may face anxieties and uncertainties. But, with the support of therapists, counsellors, and
support groups, families can navigate these emotions together, building strong bonds and
creating a nurturing environment for their children.

Adopting a child from a different cultural background requires sensitivity and
understanding. Adoptive parents in Zimbabwe embrace their child’s cultural heritage,
ensuring they grow up with a strong sense of identity. By incorporating cultural traditions,
celebrating diversity, and fostering open conversations, families create an inclusive
environment that honours their child’s roots.

President of the Zimbabwe National Healers Association, (Zinatha), George Kandiero says
efforts are being made to challenge the stigmas and misconceptions surrounding adoption
within communities. Advocacy groups and non-profit organizations are working to promote
a more inclusive and accepting view of adoption through community engagement,
storytelling, and awareness initiatives. By challenging societal beliefs, these efforts aim to
create a more supportive environment for both birth families and adoptive families.

“Adoption is a foreign concept, yes. It creates problems and we have seen a lot of them.
What I think has to be done is to get an expert who ushers (Kukumbirira) to the ancestors
that this child was left or deserted and these people are willing to take this person to be
their own, we ask you to bless this child so that this child grows up under their care and is
rightfully theirs.

“I don’t think there is anything wrong with adoption, rather it is a good thing when people
adopt a child like what is done in Christianity when they receive a child home. The same can
be done traditionally to usher a child to a new family so that the ancestors are also
informed.

“Culture is dynamic and we always had twisted turns such as cremation and there have
been a lot of debate around such things and so forth. This is exactly the same thing with
adoption. Cremation is now being practised by the generality of Zimbabweans yet a few
years ago it was unheard of among the indigenous blacks.”

Despite the challenges, countless success stories emerge from the world of adoption in
Zimbabwe. Families who have overcome obstacles and created loving homes for their
children inspire others to do the same. By sharing these success stories, they celebrate the
resilience and determination of adoptive families, encouraging others to consider adoption
as a beautiful way to expand their families.